基于微多普勒特征的人体上肢运动参数估计

人体行走的雷达特征研究是近年发展起来的新的研究方向,基于雷达的人体目标探测在安全防护、灾害救援、生物力学和运动学研究等方面具有广阔的应用前景。人体走动时手和腿的摆动对回波信号产生调制,回波信号的微多普勒特征能精细地刻画体动规律,将有效地探测并估计人体的运动规律。主要研究人体上肢的雷达特征,首先以人体上肢的运动模型为基础,建立了其雷达回波模型,通过理论分析得到了参数估计的方法,通过广义Radon变换提取行人摆臂的微多普勒。最后通过仿真实验,验证了算法的有效性。     

数字卫星电视接收系统及其性能分析

文章简要介绍了数字卫星电视接收系统的组成,并从数字卫星电视接收机的R—S解码器、卷积解码器和QPSK解调器等部分电路对系统抗噪声性能的贡献做了分析,同时对由于整个数字卫星电视系统链路非理想性因素而引入的干扰噪声导致的接收系统性能恶化情况进行了简要分析。通过论述,可有助于数字卫星电视广播系统的设计、使用和维护。     

Comparative assessment of human–Mars-mission technologies and architectures

We compare a variety of mission scenarios to assess the strengths and weaknesses of options for Mars exploration. The mission design space is modeled along two dimensions: trajectory architectures and propulsion system technologies. We examine direct, semi-direct, stop-over, semi-cycler, and cycler architectures, and we include electric propulsion, nuclear thermal rockets, methane and oxygen production on Mars, Mars water excavation, aerocapture, and reusable propulsion systems in our technology assessment. The mission sensitivity to crew size, vehicle masses, and crew travel time is also examined. Many different combinations of technologies and architectures are applied to the same Mars mission to determine which combinations provide the greatest potential reduction in the injected mass to LEO. We approximate the technology readiness level of a mission to rank development risk, but omit development cost and time calculations in our assessment. It is found that Earth–Mars semi-cyclers and cyclers require the least injected mass to LEO of any architecture and that the discovery of accessible water on Mars has the most dramatic effect on the evolution of Mars exploration.     

Piloted operations at a near-Earth object (NEO)

In late 2006, NASA's Constellation Program sponsored a study to examine the feasibility of sending a piloted Orion spacecraft to a near-Earth object. NEOs are asteroids or comets that have perihelion distances less than or equal to 1.3 astronomical units, and can have orbits that cross that of the Earth. Therefore, the most suitable targets for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) are those NEOs in heliocentric orbits similar to Earth's (i.e. low inclination and low eccentricity). One of the significant advantages of this type of mission is that it strengthens and validates the foundational infrastructure of the United States Space Exploration Policy and is highly complementary to NASA's planned lunar sortie and outpost missions circa 2020. A human expedition to a NEO would not only underline the broad utility of the Orion CEV and Ares launch systems, but would also be the first human expedition to an interplanetary body beyond the Earth–Moon system. These deep space operations will present unique challenges not present in lunar missions for the onboard crew, spacecraft systems, and mission control team. Executing several piloted NEO missions will enable NASA to gain crucial deep space operational experience, which will be necessary prerequisites for the eventual human missions to Mars.Our NEO team will present and discuss the following:

• new mission trajectories and concepts;

• operational command and control considerations;

• expected science, operational, resource utilization, and impact mitigation returns; and

• continued exploration momentum and future Mars exploration benefits.

微型惯导系统在余度配置时的转动标定技术研究

余度技术是提高惯性导航系统性能的一种重要手段。对微小型惯性组合导航系统中的惯性传感器多余度配置技术进行了研究,开发了MEMS惯性器件构成的微型余度配置惯导系统,分析了微小型惯性组合导航系统的特点和误差特性,并经过测试分析,建立了惯性传感器的误差模型。针对余度配置系统静态标定精度低的问题,提出了六位置转动标定算法,该算法只需要一个单轴速率转台就可以标定出IMU误差参数,并对采用低精度陀螺的惯性系统标定具有通用性。经过实际系统测试分析,误差补偿后的微型余度配置惯导系统的系统导航精度明显提高,验证了算法的有效性。     

利用星间测距的轨道计算方法

基于天基空间监测的技术背景,根据单位矢量法的基本原理,给出了一种在已知目标卫星轨道面的前提下仅利用星间测距对目标卫星进行轨道计算的算法,并对已知轨道面的不同误差大小对定轨精度的影响进行了分析。模拟计算表明,轨道倾角的误差对定轨的精度影响更大。     

具有SDRAM容错和检错功能的PowerPC 高性能处理单元设计

介绍一款PowerPC架构的高性能嵌入式处理单元设计.利用PowerPC体系结构内建的差错检测和报告机制,采用CPLD设计和实现了三模冗余(TMR)SDRAM存储器模块,不但提供高速存储器的容错能力,还具有差错检测能力,提高了处理单元的可靠性.介绍一个分布式容错计算机的实例,并分析了该方案的优点.     

同温层气球平台反向定位系统的研究

反向定位系统是针对驻留型同温层气球平台的一种新型定位系统 ,该系统的基本原理是由接收站的位置计算得出发射机的位置。文章采用卡尔曼滤波的方法 ,建立了反向定位系统的模型 ,给出其滤波算法 ;鉴于地面接收站的位置选择对该系统的定位精度有较大的影响 ,给出地面站选址依据 ,并通过计算、仿真获得一组较为理想的布站方式。此外 ,钟差是系统的一个主要误差源 ,文中对其引起的定位误差进行了分析 ,并给出估算的方法 ;对系统中的传播误差、设备误差也进行了分析。最后 ,对系统建立了仿真模型进行仿真。结果表明 ,该定位系统具有较好的定位精度     

光栅式长度仪表示值误差检定系统

介绍了光栅式长度仪表示值误差检定系统的基本工作原理以及关键技术的解决。本系统具有测量精度高、重复性好、智能化、操作简单、用户可自由扩展等优点。     

微带介质基片介电常数的导内波长法测量

介绍了一种通过测量微带的导内波长来间接测量介质基片的介电常数的方法,给出了导内波长的测量方法,介电常数的计算公式,以及推导出测量误差分析的数学模型。并举实例加以说明。